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public health and disease control in Guinea Bissau’, pro-
vided an analysis of the longitudinal development of health
services and disease control programmes in Guinea-Bissau
from 1945 to the 1980s.The Mission for the Combat of
Sleeping Sickness and other Endemic Disease created in
1945, the belated expansion of colonial health services in
the late 1950s and early 1960s, the challenge posed by the
nationalist movement PAIGC as armed struggle began in
1963 and the establishment of military health services un-
til independence in 1974, turned the country into a veri-
table laboratory for health development. As the territory
became fragmented into areas which remained under co-
lonial and military control on the one hand and liberated
areas under nationalist authority on the other, it became a
site of competing public health policies and programmes.
Portuguese colonial medicine and tropical medical exper-
tise would be challenged by social medicine introduced by
the PAIGC in areas under its control with Cuban support,
saw different approaches vying for popular support.After
independence, the war-torn country was faced with the
rebuilding of its heavily impaired and deeply divided health
system with bilateral (incl. Portuguese) and multilateral
support (WHO) which proved to be a formidable task in
this small territory.
Mélanie R. Maia (GHTM-IHMT) and Luís V. Lapão
(GHTM-IHMT) co-authored the paper on‘The health or-
ganisation of CapeVerde: a global history approach (1960-
1980)’, which looks at the pathways of epidemiological
control and its impact in the CaboVerde Islands. Using a
global history approach, the paper focused on (1) the evo-
lution of the health system, services and human resources,
(2) the development of a health security consciousness as
well as (3) a quality culture.The analysis was mainly based
on bibliographical research in the “Annals” of the Institute
from 1960 to 1980, before and after decolonisation. Se-
verely affected by drought and famine in the recent past af-
fecting successive generations, these calamitous events led
a severely weakened population to emigrate in large num-
bers from the mid-1960s. Nevertheless, the highly resil-
ient population would benefit from control programmes
which effectively reduced the prevalence of communica-
ble endemic diseases, as living conditions and nutrition
improved after independence. Efforts - made with Por-
tuguese technical support - to improve the planning of
public health and sanitation services, epidemiological sur-
veillance, legislation and raising health awareness provide
clear examples of positive change. In addition, through its
international partnership network, Cabo Verde strength-
ened the capacitation and training of the health workforce
and healthcare delivery.The paper demonstrated how the
introduction of new technologies including telemedicine
benefited these processes and significantly increased the
sharing of key knowledge through contact networking.
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